Ginseng has been used to alleviate age-related dementia and memory deterioration for\nthousands of years. This study investigated the protective effect of red ginseng saponins against\nscopolamine-induced cerebral injury. Meanwhile, pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in normal\nand scopolamine-treated rats were compared. After scopolamine injection, glutathione, catalase\nand superoxide dismutase levels were significantly decreased when compared with control group.\nCompared with SA group, pretreatment of rats with red ginseng saponins could increase glutathione,\ncatalase and superoxide dismutase level. Treatment with red ginseng saponins significantly decreased\nmalondialdehyde level. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, a pattern recognition analysis method was\nused to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the absorbed compounds in blood. The pharmacokinetic\nparameters of Rg1, Rg2, Rh3, Rg5 and Rk1 in model group had higher area under the curve (AUC),\nmean residence time (MRT) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values; area under the curve\n(AUC) values and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of model group was significantly different\nfrom that of normal group (p < 0.05). The Cmax value of Rk3, Rh1, Rh2 and Rh4 in model group\nwas higher than normal group, but their AUC values were not significantly different. There was no\nsignificantly difference in time at Cmax (Tmax), AUC and Cmax values of Rb1, Rb2 Re, Rc, Rd and Rf\nbetween the model and normal group. 16 ginsenosides were grouped into three separate clusters\naccording to principal component analysis (PCA) score plot based on pharmacokinetic data. The\nresults suggested red ginseng saponins have significant protective effect against scopolamine-induced\nmemory deficit and scopolamine-induced rats could lead to the changes of pharmacokinetic behaviors\nof ginsenosides.
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